How Does Parkinson's Disease (PD) Start?

It often begins quietly—perhaps a subtle tremor in your hand, a stiffness in your muscles, or a slight change in your walking pace. These early signs can be easy to overlook or dismiss as aging or fatigue. But for many, these seemingly minor symptoms are the first indicators of Parkinson’s disease, a progressive neurological condition that affects movement, balance, and more over time. Let's look at these symptoms further...

So how does Parkinson’s disease actually start?
Parkinson’s disease (PD) begins deep within the brain, in an area called the substantia nigra. This region is responsible for producing dopamine—a chemical messenger that helps control smooth and coordinated muscle movements. In Parkinson’s, the dopamine-producing cells gradually die off. As dopamine levels decline, the brain struggles to send proper movement signals to the body.

Researchers still don’t fully understand why these dopamine-producing neurons die. However, many believe a combination of genetic and environmental factors may play a role. A small percentage of PD cases are hereditary, caused by genetic mutations passed down in families. In most cases, however, Parkinson’s is idiopathic, meaning there is no known cause.

Environmental exposures—such as pesticides, herbicides, and certain toxins—have been linked to a higher risk of developing Parkinson’s. Head injuries and chronic stress may also contribute in some individuals. Still, there is no single cause, and likely several factors work together to trigger the disease.

Stiffness, and rigidity

The symptoms of Parkinson’s usually develop slowly over the years.
​Early signs may include:

• A slight tremor in fingers, hands, or chin
• Small or cramped handwriting
• Loss of smell
• Slower movement
• Stiffness or rigidity in the arms and legs
• Changes in posture or balance
• A softer voice or masked facial expression

Because these early signs can mimic other conditions—or even go unnoticed—it’s important to consult a neurologist if you or a loved one experiences persistent movement changes. An early diagnosis allows for early intervention, symptom management, and improved quality of life.

Loss of smell and PD

While there is currently no cure for Parkinson’s, support, education, and community connection can make a tremendous difference. And that’s where the Parkinson’s Association of Southwest Florida (PASWFL) comes in.

For more resources, support groups, or to speak with someone who understands, please visit www.parkinsonassociationswfl.org or call 239-417-3465.
For more than 25 years, PASWFL has provided free, high-quality services and programs to individuals and families touched by Parkinson’s disease in Southwest Florida. Their goal is simple: help people live well with PD, regardless of where they are in their journey.

Each week, PASWFL offers more than 25 free programs and support groups, including:

• Wellness and fitness classes
• Speech exercise
• Educational seminars
• Support for care partners
• Support groups for persons with PD

There are no fees to become a member, and PASWFL welcomes anyone touched by PD.

You can live well with PD

Take the First Step Toward Living Well with PD
If you suspect early Parkinson’s or have been recently diagnosed, you don’t have to face it alone.
👉 Click here to sign up for the PASWFL newsletter
👉 Click here to become a member (it's free!)
To learn more, visit www.paswfl.org and discover the power of support, education, and community.