What Are the Main Causes of Parkinson’s Disease?

Understanding What May Trigger This Complex Condition
If you or someone you love has recently been diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease, one of the first questions that may come to mind is, “What caused this?” Parkinson’s can feel mysterious and even frightening, especially because symptoms often develop slowly and seem to appear without warning.

While researchers haven’t found a single cause, ongoing studies continue to uncover key factors that increase a person’s risk. If you’re searching for clarity, hope, or guidance, read on--understanding the possible causes of Parkinson’s is an important step toward empowerment and effective care.

The Role of Brain Chemistry
At the heart of Parkinson’s disease is a loss of dopamine-producing nerve cells in a part of the brain called the substantia nigra. Dopamine is a vital chemical messenger that helps regulate movement, mood, and more. As these cells gradually deteriorate, the brain struggles to communicate with the muscles, leading to tremors, stiffness, and other motor-related symptoms.
But what causes these cells to die off in the first place? The answer is complex and likely involves a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

Brain Chemistry and PD

Genetic Risk Factors
While Parkinson’s disease is not usually inherited, about 10–15% of cases have a genetic component. Certain gene mutations—such as LRRK2, PARK7, PINK1, PRKN, and SNCA—have been linked to familial forms of Parkinson’s. If you have a close relative with PD, your risk may be slightly higher, but it’s important to remember that having a genetic mutation does not mean you will definitely develop the disease.

Genetics and PD

Environmental Triggers
Researchers have found that long-term exposure to certain environmental toxins may increase the risk of Parkinson’s. These include:

• Pesticides: People with prolonged exposure to herbicides or insecticides may have a higher risk, particularly those who work in agriculture.
• Heavy metals: Prolonged exposure to metals like manganese and lead may contribute to the development of PD.
• Solvents: Some industrial chemicals, like trichloroethylene (TCE), are also under investigation as potential contributors.

Environmental Triggers for PD

Age and Gender
The risk of Parkinson’s increases with age, most commonly affecting individuals over 60. While it can occur in younger adults (known as Young-Onset Parkinson’s), aging remains the most significant risk factor. Men are also statistically more likely to develop Parkinson’s than women, though the reasons for this gender difference are still unclear.

Other Contributing Factors
Head trauma, chronic inflammation, and even lifestyle factors like diet and stress may influence Parkinson’s risk. More research is being done to determine how these elements interact with each individual’s genetic makeup and environment to affect overall susceptibility.

Support is available

You Are Not Alone
For resources, referrals, and support in navigating Parkinson’s and related conditions, contact the Parkinson’s Association of Southwest Florida at www.parkinsonassociationswfl.org or call 239-417-3465.
For more than 25 years, PASWFL has provided free, high-quality services and programs to individuals and families affected by Parkinson’s disease in Southwest Florida. Their goal is simple: help people live well with PD, regardless of where they are in their journey.

Each week, PASWFL offers more than 25 free programs and support groups, including:

• Wellness and fitness classes
• Speech exercise
  
• Educational seminars
  
• Support for care partners
  
• Support groups for persons with PD

There are no fees to become a member, and PASWFL welcomes anyone touched by PD.

Take the First Step Toward Living Well
If you suspect early Parkinson’s or have been recently diagnosed, you don’t have to face it alone.
👉 Click here to sign up for the PASWFL newsletter
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To learn more, visit www.parkinsonassociationswfl.org and discover the power of support, education, and community.