How Does Parkinson’s Disease Affect the Brain?

It often starts with something small--maybe a slight tremor in a hand or subtle changes in handwriting. But beneath the surface, Parkinson’s disease is a complex neurological condition that affects the brain in ways many people don’t fully understand. Whether you or someone you love is newly diagnosed or you're just curious, understanding how Parkinson’s affects the brain can be the first step toward living well with the disease. So how exactly does this progressive condition change the brain—and what can be done about it?

Parkinson’s disease (PD) primarily targets a specific area of the brain known as the substantia nigra, where nerve cells produce dopamine, a chemical that helps control movement. As these dopamine-producing neurons gradually die off, the brain’s ability to send clear signals for smooth, purposeful movement is disrupted. That’s why many of the most recognized symptoms—tremors, stiffness, slow movement (bradykinesia), and balance problems—are all motor-related.

Dopamine and Motor-Related Problems with Parkinson's Disease

​But Parkinson’s doesn’t stop at movement. It also affects non-motor functions due to the brain’s widespread use of dopamine and other neurotransmitters. People with PD may experience mood changes, sleep disorders, memory issues, and even speech or swallowing difficulties. In some cases, cognitive decline can progress over time, leading to more complex challenges that require both medical and emotional support.

Sleep disorders related to Parkinson's Disease

Scientists are still working to fully understand why dopamine neurons die in people with Parkinson’s, but both genetic and environmental factors appear to play a role. While there is currently no cure, early diagnosis, supportive therapies, and staying engaged in wellness activities can dramatically improve quality of life.
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That’s where Parkinson’s Association of Southwest Florida (PASWFL) comes in.

Staying engaged in wellness activities improves quality of life for those touched by Parkinson's

For more resources, support groups, or to speak with someone who understands, please visit www.parkinsonassociationswfl.org or call 239-417-3465.

For more than 25 years, PASWFL has provided free, high-quality services and programs to individuals and families touched by Parkinson’s disease in Southwest Florida. Their goal is simple: help people live well with PD, regardless of where they are in their journey.

Each week, PASWFL offers more than 25 free programs and support groups, including:

• Wellness and fitness classes
• Speech exercise
• Educational seminars
• Support for care partners
• Support groups for persons with PD

There are no fees to become a member, and PASWFL welcomes anyone touched by PD.

Take the First Step Toward Living Well with PD
If you suspect early Parkinson’s or have been recently diagnosed, you don’t have to face it alone.
👉 Click here to sign up for the PASWFL newsletter
👉 Click here to become a member (it's free!)
To learn more, visit www.paswfl.org and discover the power of support, education, and community.