Which Organs Are Affected by Parkinson’s Disease?

​Parkinson’s disease (PD) is most commonly known for the way it impacts movement, but many people are surprised to learn that Parkinson’s affects far more than just the muscles or limbs. So, which organs are affected by Parkinson’s disease? The answer highlights the complexity of this neurological condition that goes far beyond tremors and stiffness.

Understanding Which Organs Are Affected by Parkinson’s Disease
At its core, Parkinson’s disease is a progressive disorder of the nervous system. The primary organ affected is the brain, specifically a region called the substantia nigra, which is responsible for producing dopamine. As dopamine-producing neurons degenerate, it leads to the classic motor symptoms of Parkinson’s: tremors, rigidity, and slowness of movement.

But the ripple effects of Parkinson’s don’t stop at the brain. This disease can disrupt the function of several other organs and systems in the body:

Organs and Systems Commonly Affected by Parkinson’s:
1. Brain
The primary site of the disease. Parkinson’s causes loss of dopamine-producing neurons, especially in the substantia nigra. This impacts movement, mood, cognition, and coordination.
2. Digestive Tract (Gastrointestinal System)
Constipation is often one of the earliest symptoms of PD. Parkinson’s can slow down the movement of food through the intestines due to reduced nerve stimulation, affecting the entire digestive process.
3. Heart and Circulatory System
Some people with Parkinson’s experience orthostatic hypotension—a drop in blood pressure when standing—due to nervous system involvement. This can lead to dizziness, fainting, or increased risk of falls.
4. Bladder and Urinary System
PD often affects the autonomic nervous system, which controls bladder function. This can result in urinary urgency, frequency, or difficulty emptying the bladder.
5. Lungs and Respiratory Muscles
In more advanced stages, respiratory muscles may be affected, making it harder to take deep breaths or cough effectively. This can increase the risk of pneumonia or breathing complications.
6. Skin (Sweat Glands)
Some individuals with Parkinson’s notice changes in sweating patterns or oily skin due to autonomic dysfunction, which affects skin regulation.
7. Eyes
While not commonly discussed, Parkinson’s can affect vision and eye movements, sometimes making it harder to focus or leading to dry eyes or blurred vision.

Living Well with Parkinson’s—You’re Not Alone
Knowing how Parkinson’s disease affects the body is important, but so is knowing how to live well with it. That’s where the Parkinson’s Association of Southwest Florida (PASWFL) can help. For over 25 years, PASWFL has provided free programs, education, and support services to people living with PD and their families in our local community.

Each week, PASWFL offers more than 25 free programs and support groups—from fitness and speech therapy to education and social support. These services empower individuals and caregivers to manage symptoms and maintain a high quality of life.
There are no fees associated with becoming a member, and the membership application is easy and confidential.
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To learn more, visit www.parkinsonassociationswfl.org. The road with Parkinson’s doesn’t have to be walked alone—and with PASWFL, it never is.