Is Parkinson’s Disease Hereditary or Genetic? Understanding the Role of Genetics in PD

When someone is diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease (PD), a natural question often follows: Is Parkinson’s disease hereditary or genetic? This question not only affects the individual living with the disease but also concerns family members who may worry about their own future health.

Is Parkinson’s Disease Hereditary or Genetic?

The answer is nuanced. Parkinson’s disease is generally considered a multifactorial condition, meaning it is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. While most cases are classified as sporadic, meaning they arise without a known family history or genetic cause, about 10-15% of people with Parkinson’s have a family history of the condition. This suggests a hereditary or genetic component in a small percentage of cases.

Scientists have identified several gene mutations that can increase the risk of developing PD. These include LRRK2, PARK7, PINK1, PRKN (parkin), and SNCA. Some of these mutations are dominant, meaning they can cause the disease even if only one copy of the gene is inherited, while others are recessive and require two copies.

However, having one of these gene mutations does not guarantee a person will develop Parkinson’s disease. Many people with the mutations never show symptoms. This is where environmental triggers, such as exposure to pesticides or heavy metals, as well as lifestyle choices, may come into play.

In summary, Parkinson’s can be genetic in some cases, but the vast majority of diagnoses are not directly linked to hereditary factors. It's a complex interplay that researchers continue to study in depth.

Should You Be Concerned About Family Risk?
If Parkinson’s runs in your family, it’s natural to have concerns. While genetic testing is available, it is usually reserved for research settings or in cases where multiple family members have developed Parkinson’s, particularly at a young age. If you’re worried, speak to a neurologist or a genetic counselor to better understand your individual risk and the value of testing in your situation.
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Importantly, a genetic predisposition is not a definitive predictor of disease. Many people live long, healthy lives even if they have a family history of PD.

Support is Available—You’re Not AloneNo matter the cause of your Parkinson’s, support is essential. For over twenty-five years, the Parkinson’s Association of Southwest Florida (PASWFL) has provided effective programs and services that improve the quality of life, educate, enrich, and empower our Southwest Floridians touched by PD and related neurological diseases.

Each week, PASWFL offers more than 25 free programs and support groups for individuals with PD and their care partners. These services include:

• Movement and fitness classes
• Educational workshops
• Speech and occupational therapy
• Support groups tailored to your stage of PD

There are no fees associated with becoming a member, and the membership application is available online.

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To learn more, visit www.parkinsonassociationswfl.org and discover how the Parkinson’s Association of Southwest Florida can help you or a loved one live well with PD—no matter the cause.