What Is Parkinson’s Syndrome? Understanding Parkinsonism vs. Parkinson’s Disease

What Is Parkinson’s Syndrome?
Many people hear the term “Parkinson’s syndrome” and assume it’s the same as Parkinson’s disease. While the two are related, they are not identical. Parkinson’s syndrome is often used to describe a group of neurological conditions that cause movement symptoms similar to Parkinson’s disease. Understanding the difference is important for accurate diagnosis and treatment.

Here’s what many people don’t realize: Not all conditions that look like Parkinson’s are actually Parkinson’s disease. Some forms progress differently and respond differently to medication — which makes proper evaluation essential.  Keep reading to learn more.

Parkinson’s Syndrome vs. Parkinson’s Disease
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common form of parkinsonism. It is a progressive neurological disorder caused by the gradual loss of dopamine-producing cells in the brain.
Parkinson’s syndrome, or parkinsonism, is a broader term that refers to a group of conditions that share similar motor symptoms, including:

• Tremor (often at rest)
• Slowed movement (bradykinesia)
• Muscle stiffness (rigidity)
• Balance and posture problems

However, the underlying cause of these symptoms may differ.

Types of Parkinson’s Syndrome (Parkinsonism):
1. Idiopathic Parkinson’s Disease:  This is the most common form and what most people mean when they say “Parkinson’s.”
2. Atypical Parkinsonism:  These conditions resemble Parkinson’s disease but often progress more rapidly and may not respond as well to traditional Parkinson’s medications. Examples include:

• Multiple system atrophy (MSA)
• Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP)
• Corticobasal degeneration (CBD)

3. Secondary Parkinsonism: This type is caused by an identifiable factor such as:

• Certain medications (drug-induced parkinsonism)
• Stroke
• Brain injury
• Toxin exposure

In some cases, symptoms may improve if the underlying cause is treated.

How Is Parkinson’s Syndrome Diagnosed?
There is no single blood test or scan that definitively diagnoses Parkinson’s syndrome. Diagnosis is typically based on:

• Medical history
• Symptom pattern
• Neurological examination
• Response to Parkinson’s medication

A neurologist, particularly a movement disorder specialist, is best equipped to distinguish between Parkinson’s disease and other forms of parkinsonism.

Why the Distinction Matters
Treatment options and long-term outlook can differ depending on the type of parkinsonism. Parkinson’s disease often responds well to medications like levodopa, while atypical forms may not respond as strongly.
Early and accurate diagnosis allows individuals and families to plan appropriately and access supportive therapies sooner.

Why Support Matters
A diagnosis of any form of Parkinson’s can feel overwhelming. But with the right support and resources, individuals can maintain independence, quality of life, and emotional well-being.
For resources, referrals, and support in navigating Parkinson’s and related conditions, contact the Parkinson’s Association of Southwest Florida at www.paswfl.org or call 239-417-3465.

For over 25 years, PASWFL has provided free, high-quality services and programs to individuals and families touched by Parkinson’s disease in Southwest Florida. Their goal is simple: help people live well with PD, regardless of where they are in their journey.
Each week, PASWFL offers more than 25 free programs and support groups, including:

• Wellness and fitness classes
• Speech Exercise classes
• Educational seminars
• Support for care partners
• Support groups

There are no fees to become a member, and PASWFL welcomes anyone touched by PD.

Take the First Step Toward Living WellIf you suspect early Parkinson’s or have been recently diagnosed, you don’t have to face it alone.
👉 Sign up for the PASWFL newsletter:
https://parkinsonassociationswfl.org/signup-enews.html
👉 Become a member — it’s free and confidential:
https://parkinsonassociationswfl.org/signup.html
To learn more, visit www.paswfl.org and discover the power of support, education, and community.