What Is the Difference Between Parkinson’s Disease and Parkinsonism?

When someone begins to experience symptoms such as tremors, muscle stiffness, or difficulty with balance, the first thought might be Parkinson’s disease. However, not all conditions that resemble Parkinson’s are the same. Some fall under the broader term Parkinsonism. Understanding the difference is important for diagnosis, treatment, and support.

👉 So, what exactly separates Parkinson’s disease from Parkinsonism? Keep reading to find out — the answer can help families navigate care more effectively.

Parkinson’s Disease: A Specific Diagnosis
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disorder that primarily affects movement. It occurs when dopamine-producing cells in the brain begin to die off, leading to hallmark symptoms such as:

• Resting tremor (shaking in hands, arms, or legs)
• Muscle rigidity
• Slowness of movement (bradykinesia)
• Balance and coordination difficulties

Over time, PD can also affect speech, mood, sleep, and cognition. While the exact cause is still unknown, genetics, environment, and aging all play a role.

Parkinsonism: An Umbrella Term
Parkinsonism, on the other hand, is not a single disease. Instead, it’s a term used to describe a group of conditions that share similar symptoms to Parkinson’s disease. These include tremors, stiffness, and movement difficulties — but the underlying causes can be very different.
Types of Parkinsonism include:

• Drug-induced Parkinsonism: Caused by certain medications, often reversible when the drug is stopped.
• Vascular Parkinsonism: Linked to small strokes or reduced blood flow in the brain.
• Atypical Parkinsonism: Includes conditions like Multiple System Atrophy (MSA), Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP), and Corticobasal Degeneration (CBD), which mimic PD but progress differently.

Key Differences Between Parkinson’s and Parkinsonism
While the symptoms may look similar, there are crucial differences:

• Cause: PD is linked to loss of dopamine cells; parkinsonism may be caused by medications, vascular changes, or other neurological diseases.
• Response to treatment: People with PD often respond well to medications like levodopa. Those with atypical parkinsonism typically do not.
• Progression: PD usually progresses gradually, while other forms of parkinsonism may advance more quickly and affect additional body systems.

Why This Distinction Matters
Accurate diagnosis ensures the right treatment plan, realistic expectations, and access to the right support resources. For families, understanding whether a loved one has Parkinson’s disease or another form of parkinsonism can help guide long-term planning and care decisions.

Why Support Matters
A diagnosis of any form of Parkinson’s can feel overwhelming. But with the right support and resources, individuals can maintain independence, quality of life, and emotional well-being.
For resources, referrals, and support in navigating Parkinson’s and related conditions, contact the Parkinson’s Association of Southwest Florida at www.paswfl.org or call 239-417-3465.

For over 25 years, PASWFL has provided free, high-quality services and programs to individuals and families touched by Parkinson’s disease in Southwest Florida. Their goal is simple: help people live well with PD, regardless of where they are in their journey.

Each week, PASWFL offers more than 25 free programs and support groups, including:

• Wellness and fitness classes
• Speech Exercise classes
• Educational seminars
• Support for care partners
• Support groups

Take the First Step Toward Living Well
If you suspect early Parkinson’s or have been recently diagnosed, you don’t have to face it alone.
👉 Click here to sign up for the PASWFL newsletter
👉 Click here to become a member (it's free!)
To learn more, visit www.paswfl.org and discover the power of support, education, and community.