What’s the Difference Between Parkinson’s Disease and Parkinson’s Syndrome?

When it comes to understanding movement disorders, many people wonder: What’s the difference between Parkinson’s disease and Parkinson’s syndrome? Though the terms are often used interchangeably, they refer to distinct medical conditions. Knowing the difference can help individuals get the right diagnosis, treatment, and support.

​Parkinson’s Disease vs. Parkinson’s Syndrome: What’s the Difference?
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a specific, progressive neurological disorder that primarily affects movement. It occurs when nerve cells in the brain that produce dopamine—a chemical that helps control movement—begin to die. The classic symptoms of Parkinson’s disease include:
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• Tremors (shaking)
• Bradykinesia (slowness of movement)
• Muscle rigidity
• Postural instability (balance issues)

On the other hand, Parkinson’s syndrome, sometimes called parkinsonism, is a broader term used to describe a group of conditions that cause symptoms similar to Parkinson’s disease. While Parkinson’s disease is the most common cause of parkinsonism, there are other disorders that fall under this umbrella, including:

• Multiple System Atrophy (MSA)
• Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP)
• Corticobasal Degeneration (CBD)
• Drug-induced parkinsonism
• Vascular parkinsonism

These syndromes can mimic PD in the early stages but often progress differently and may not respond as well to traditional Parkinson’s medications like levodopa/carbidopa.

Why the Distinction MattersUnderstanding whether someone has Parkinson’s disease or a Parkinson’s syndrome can greatly impact treatment and quality of life.

For example:

• Treatment Response: PD often responds well to medications that boost dopamine. Parkinson’s syndromes may not.
• Progression and Prognosis: Atypical parkinsonisms (syndromes) tend to progress more rapidly and may involve additional symptoms like speech, balance, or cognitive difficulties sooner.
• Specialized Care: Individuals with Parkinson’s syndromes may need tailored therapies, and getting an accurate diagnosis early helps plan appropriate care.

If you or a loved one is experiencing symptoms of parkinsonism, it’s essential to work with a neurologist who specializes in movement disorders to get an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan.

​Support and Resources in Southwest FloridaRegardless of the diagnosis, support plays a critical role in managing life with Parkinson’s disease or Parkinson’s syndrome. For over twenty-five years, the Parkinson’s Association of Southwest Florida (PASWFL) has provided effective programs and services to improve quality of life for people touched by PD and related neurological conditions.
Each week, PASWFL offers over 25 free programs and support groups for members with PD and their care partners. Programs include:

• Fitness and movement classes
• Cognitive and speech support
• Social engagement opportunities
• Educational workshops
• Peer support for both individuals and care partners

There are no fees to become a member, and the community is open to anyone in Southwest Florida seeking help, hope, and connection.

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To learn more, visit www.parkinsonassociationswfl.org and discover how the Parkinson’s Association of Southwest Florida empowers those affected by Parkinson’s disease and Parkinson’s syndrome to live fuller, more connected lives.